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TSS Fairstar
TSS (twin-screw steamer) ''Fairstar'' (''Fairstar, the Fun Ship'') was a popular Australian based cruise ship operating out of Sydney for 22 years. Originally completed in 1957 as the British troopship ''Oxfordshire'', was converted to become the ''Fairstar'' in 1964 for immigrant voyages and from December 1974 was permanently engaged in cruising.
==Background==
In the early 1950s, the British War Office still regularly required the transportation of troops to and from garrisons in many parts of the Empire. The British Ministry of Transport had contracts with several shipping lines to transport the officers, troops and their families. One particular shipping company, The Bibby Line, had a long history of transporting troops; in fact from as early as 1854 during the Crimean War. In 1953, Bibby Line was made an attractive offer by the British Government to build a new vessel for troop transport. A simultaneous arrangement was made with the British-India Steam Navigation Company for an almost identical vessel, which would become ''Nevasa''. These new ships would become the largest and last British vessels built solely for trooping. It was intended that the pair would take up twenty-year charters from the British Government, to secure their employment. Consequently Bibby Line sold the original 1912 ''Oxfordshire'' and plans for the new ship proceeded with the ship to be built at the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Glasgow. The keel of the new vessel (designated as 'Ship No. 755') was laid down with 8,396 tons of steel assigned for the construction. On 15 December 1955 the ''Oxfordshire'' was launched by Lady Dorothea Head, wife of the Minister for War, Lord Head. Fitting out of the ship took over a year, with her sea trials commencing on 29 January 1957.
The ''Oxfordshire'' was officially handed over to the Bibby Line on 14 February 1957 when she steamed towards Liverpool to commence her trooping role. On 28 February 1957 ''Oxfordshire'' left Liverpool on her maiden voyage under the command of Captain Norman Fitch, bound for Hong Kong via Cape Town. The vessel had the capacity to carry 1000 troops, 500 passengers (usually the families of the troops) and 409 crew members. ''Oxfordshire'' made an average of four trips per year between Britain and the Far East, calling en route at Ceylon, Aden, Port Said and Suez in Egypt. However, by the early 1960s the use of aircraft to fulfil transport requirements and the declining number of overseas British garrisons meant that trooping by sea was soon to be redundant. In 1962 the British Government finally decided to rely entirely on air trooping, so the long-term charters of ''Oxfordshire'' and near sister-ship ''Nevasa'' were terminated and the vessels withdrawn from service. The last active troopship ''Oxfordshire'' followed ''Nevasa'' (despatched in October 1962), to lay-up in the safe haven of Cornwall's River Fal in December of that year.
It was at this time that the migrant trade to Australia was booming. British and European migrants were given assisted passage to Australia - only having to pay ten pounds, with the balance paid by the Federal Government. The Vlasov Group passenger division, SITMAR Line, was already well established as a migrant carrier to Australia and they quickly showed an interest in the idle ''Oxfordshire''. A six-year charter agreement with an option to purchase the ship was signed in February 1963 between the Bibby Line and Fairstar Shipping Corporation (another subsidiary of Vlasov Group).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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